Listing example actions with

Grammar: Addition » 〜たり〜たりする

〜たり〜たりする lists actions as examples rather than a complete sequence: “doing things like A and B”. The list leaves room for other things.

Many textbooks present only the paired pattern, but real dialogue often uses a single たり. It means “doing things like A, among others”, and it can make a statement sound less blunt.

Usage Notes

Add り to the た-form of each listed word: 読(よ)んだ becomes 読(よ)んだり. The たり forms have no tense of their own. Whatever closes the list carries the tense, usually する: 読(よ)んだり書(か)いたりした “did things like reading and writing”. When a pair of opposites describes a state, it can also end in だ or でしょう, and sometimes no する follows the last たり at all.

A single たり picks out one example and hints at others like it. Speakers use it to widen a warning or denial to anything similar, or to soften a claim or guess. It often pairs with など or なんか, and in casual speech with とか.

Sentence-final たりして floats an unlikely possibility, often as a joke: “what if…” or “…or something”. The guess can be about what might happen or about what’s going on right now.

Formation

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  1. Verb (た-form) + り、Verb (た-form) + り + する
    • 休日(きゅうじつ)はマンガを読(よ)んだり、昼寝(ひるね)をしたりする
    • "On days off I do things like reading manga and napping."
  2. Verb (た-form) + り + する (single たり)
    • 人(ひと)の物(もの)を触(さわ)ったりしないで
    • "Don't go touching people's things and such."
  3. い-adjective (かった) + り
    • 値段(ねだん)は高(たか)かったり、安(やす)かったりだ
    • "The prices are sometimes high, sometimes low."
  4. Noun / な-adjective + だったり
    • 朝(あさ)ご飯(はん)はパンだったり、ご飯(はん)だったりする
    • "Breakfast is sometimes bread, sometimes rice."
  5. 〜たりして (sentence-final)
    • 実(じつ)は彼(かれ)が犯人(はんにん)だったりして
    • "What if he was the culprit all along?"

Listing Representative Activities

The listed actions stand in for a fuller picture. The speaker names two or three things and leaves room for others. In careful speech, every item takes たり: 本(ほん)を読(よ)んだり音楽(おんがく)を聴(き)いたりして, not 本(ほん)を読(よ)んだり音楽(おんがく)を聴(き)いて.

Example 1 of 2: A submerged town with 水没
Example 1 of 2
Manga panel from ARIA The MASTERPIECE showing example of A submerged town with 水没.
ARIA The MASTERPIECE » Volume 1 » Page 104

While out buying cat food during acqua alta, when tides have risen onto the streets, Akari is caught in a heavy downpour. She finds herself near Himeya Company, where her friend Aika lives, and she’s invited in to stay the night. As the two watch the falling rain through a window, Akari types an e-mail about her adventure that day.

灯里(あかり):
「水没(すいぼつ)した街(まち)を歩(ある)いたり滝(たき)のような雨(あめ)に遭(あ)ったり」
“Walking through a flooded town, getting caught in a downpour...”
View Full Example

During acqua alta, Akari got caught in a downpour and is spending the night at Aika’s. In her email, 歩(ある)いたり and 遭(あ)ったり pick out two things from her day: walking through the flooded town and getting caught in the rain. The panel ends on the second たり with no する. Her email goes on to call the day a wonderful adventure.

Example 2 of 2: Receiving a throwing with 〜れる
Example 2 of 2
Manga panel from ご注文はうさぎですか? showing example of Receiving a throwing with 〜れる.
ご注文はうさぎですか? » Volume 1 » Page 100

After learning the fortunes she told didn’t come true for Chino and Rize, Cocoa lists the bad fortune she ran into.

ココア:
「そっかー」
“I see.”
「私(わたし)あんこが落下(らっか)してきたりスカートめくれちゃってたりシャロちゃんにお金(かね)投(な)げられたり色々(いろいろ)あって大変(たいへん)だったよー」
“All sorts of things happened to me, like Anko falling on me, my skirt flipping up, and having Syaro-chan throw money at me, so it was rough.”
「占(うらな)い勝負(しょうぶ)はティッピーの勝(か)ちだね」
“Then Tippy wins the fortune-telling contest.”
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Cocoa’s fortunes for Chino and Rize didn’t come true, so she lists her own bad luck. Three たり forms name the mishaps: Anko fell on her, her skirt flipped up, and Syaro threw money at her. 色々(いろいろ)あって, “all sorts of things happened”, confirms that these are only examples. The たり forms carry no tense. 色々(いろいろ)あって closes the list, and the final 大変(たいへん)だった puts it in the past.

A Single たり in Warnings, Worries, and Denials

One たり names an example and leaves the rest open: “…or anything like that”. In warnings, worries, and denials, the warning, worry, or denial covers that thing and anything like it.

Example 1 of 2: Because I won't be hugging you with 〜ので
Example 1 of 2
Manga panel from ご注文はうさぎですか? showing example of Because I won't be hugging you with 〜ので.
ご注文はうさぎですか? » Volume 1 » Page 82

On the topic of Chino’s height, Rize says it would be funny if Chino outgrew Cocoa, as this would put Cocoa on the receiving end of affection. Cocoa is fine with this.

チノ:
「あ 私(わたし)抱(だ)きついたりとかしないので大丈夫(だいじょうぶ)です」
“It will be all right because I won't do things like hugging you.”
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Rize jokes that if Chino grew taller than Cocoa, Cocoa would end up on the receiving end of hugs. Chino says that won’t be a problem: she won’t do things like hugging. 抱(だ)きついたりとか groups hugging with other shows of affection, and しない denies the whole group. とか stacks on たり to make the example even vaguer.

Example 2 of 2: Visiting at every break with 〜ごとに
Example 2 of 2
Manga panel from ふだつきのキョーコちゃん showing example of Visiting at every break with 〜ごとに.
ふだつきのキョーコちゃん » Volume 1 » Page 11

Due to concern about his sister’s ribbon, which seals away her need to attack people for their blood, Kenji takes every opportunity he can to check up on her at school.

キョーコ:
「休(やす)み時間(じかん)ごとに来(こ)ないでって言(い)ってるでしょー、そんなに心配(しんぱい)しなくても大丈夫(だいじょうぶ)だって!」
“I'm telling you, you don't need to check up on me every break period. I'll be fine even without you worrying about me!”
ケンジ:
「いや… リボンが緩(ゆる)んだりしてないかと。」
“No, I'm just checking whether your ribbon's come loose.”
キョーコ:
「それくらい自分(じぶん)でやるよ!」
“I can handle that much on my own!”
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Kenji keeps checking on Kyouko at every break because her ribbon seals away her urge to bite people. 緩(ゆる)んだりしてないか means “whether it’s come loose or anything”. A loose ribbon is the main worry, and だり leaves room for other trouble.

Softening a Statement with たりする

A single たり can also tone down a claim, a guess, or advice. Here the hint of other things is faint or beside the point. The speaker uses たり to avoid stating the thing outright, so the line sounds less blunt. It’s common in requests and questions too.

Example 1 of 3: Getting good grades in school with 成績
Example 1 of 3
Manga panel from からかい上手の(元)高木さん showing example of Getting good grades in school with 成績.
からかい上手の(元)高木さん » Volume 13 » Page 44

Yukari stops by the preschool where Mina works, just as Takagi is there picking up her daughter. Yukari compares her life with theirs.

ユカリ:
「高木(たかぎ)ちゃんは成績(せいせき)よくて しっかりしてたし、」
“Takagi-chan got good grades and had it together.”
「ミナは料理(りょうり)が得意(とくい)だったりするじゃない。」
“And Mina's good at cooking and such, right?”
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Yukari compares her life with those of Takagi and Mina. She says Mina is good at cooking. 得意(とくい)だったりする avoids saying it flatly, and じゃない asks the others to agree. Though だった looks past, the line is about Mina now.

Example 2 of 3: Interested in him with 気がある
Example 2 of 3
Manga panel from ふらいんぐうぃっち showing example of Interested in him with 気がある.
ふらいんぐうぃっち » Volume 5 » Page 57

Makoto and her family head out on a trip to the river. When they stop to pick up Kei’s friend Nao, Akane greets her with, “Howdy, Kei’s girlfriend!” Nao tells her she’s wrong.

圭(けい):
「よっオレのカノジョ」
“Yo, my girlfriend.”
なお:
「やめてよ」
“Stop that!”
茜(あかね):
「と言(い)いつつ気(き)があったりするんでしょ?」
“Although you say that, you're interested in him, aren't you?”
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Kei calls Nao his girlfriend, and she tells him to stop. Akane teases her anyway. 気(き)があったりするんでしょ? is “you’re kind of into him, right?” たりする keeps the accusation light, so it sounds like teasing rather than a flat claim.

Example 3 of 3: Reading a book to distract from waiting for a text message with 気を紛らす
Example 3 of 3
Manga panel from ブラザー・トラップ showing example of Reading a book to distract from waiting for a text message with 気を紛らす.
ブラザー・トラップ » Volume 1 » Page 92

Akari is expecting a text message from Izumi. Unknown to her, Izumi’s response was getting too long, so he switched to his computer to write up an e-mail instead.

Narration:
「和泉(いずみ)からの返信(へんしん)が来(こ)ない」
“I haven't received a reply from Izumi.”
あかり:
「楽(たの)しみにしてた新刊(しんかん)読(よ)んで気(き)を紛(まぎ)らわそう!」
“I'll distract myself by reading the new book I've been looking forward to!”
「没頭(ぼっとう)してたらいつのまにか返信(へんしん)来(き)てたりするかもね!」
“Maybe if I get really absorbed in it, the reply will show up before I know it!”
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Akari is waiting on a reply from Izumi and decides to pass the time with a new book. 没頭(ぼっとう)してたら, “if I get absorbed”, sets the scene, and 来(き)てたりするかも is “the reply might have come”. 来(き)てたり is 来(き)ていたり with い dropped. たりする and かも both soften the guess.

Alternating Actions and States

With opposite words, the pattern shows something going back and forth: 行(い)ったり来(き)たり, “back and forth”, or 暑(あつ)かったり寒(さむ)かったり, “hot one moment, cold the next”. A verb and its negative work too: 来(き)たり来(こ)なかったり, “coming some days and not others”. When the pair describes a state, it can also end in だ or でしょう instead of する: 雨(あめ)が降(ふ)ったりやんだりでしょう.

Joking Speculation with たりして

Sentence-final たりして floats a possibility the speaker thinks is unlikely, often as a joke. It can guess at what might happen or at what’s going on right now.

Related Grammar