Strength and force with 強
The kanji 強 means strong or powerful.
Etymology
This kanji isa phono-semantic compound comprised of 虫 (insect) as the semantic component and 弘 as the phonetic component (キョウ).
Etymology Research
Kanjipedia, citing 『角川新字源 改訂新版』, analyzes 強 as a phono-semantic compound: 虫 supplies the semantic element and 弘 supplies the sound. The same account says that the character originally denoted a grain insect and was later used in the sense of 彊, strong. This is a published dictionary analysis, not a settled paleographic conclusion. 漢字ペディア, 強
The Shuowen tradition gives the short gloss 強, 蚚也。从虫, 弘聲, and records 𧖑 as a 籒文 form made from 䖵 and 彊. The accompanying Xu Kai note questions the analysis, saying that 弘 and 強 do not have close sounds and that the Qin inscription appears to use 口. CUHK reproduces both passages. The gloss 蚚 refers to a grain insect, often identified as a rice or grain weevil, but grain insect is safer than assigning a precise modern species. CUHK, 強 , Chinese Text Project, 說文解字: 虫部
CUHK’s paleographic account is cautious. It says the bronze form is unclear, while Warring States Qin slips and seals are described as containing 弓, 口, and 虫. Its entry does not display an oracle-bone form. The database also treats 彊 as an early form associated with field boundaries and says that 彊 was later borrowed for the strong sense. Kanjipedia describes the relationship in the other direction, saying that 強 came to be used for the 彊 sense. The sources therefore support a historical relationship, but not a settled direction of borrowing. CUHK, 強 , CUHK, 彊 , 漢字ペディア, 強
The visible 弓 and the published explanation that links 強 with a strong bow or bowstring can remain a memory aid, but the sources do not establish 弓 as the original semantic component. The disputed 弘 analysis also does not by itself explain the modern Japanese readings. These accounts concern the Chinese character; the origins of native Japanese words written with 強 remain separate questions. 小学館, 普及版字通 via 強 , CUHK, 弘
Study and Effort
勉強 (Study)
勉強( べんきょう ) refers to learning academic subjects or skills, or to devoting oneself wholeheartedly to a task.
It combines 勉 (exert oneself ) with 強 (force / strength ) to show driving oneself through effort .
Example 1 of 3: An all-around athlete with 万能
Example 1 of 3
それでも歩は寄せてくる »
Volume 10 » Page 84
Urushi asks Rin about what Ayumu was like in middle school.
うるし:
「真面目( まじめ ) だけど少( すこ ) し抜( ぬ ) けてていつも真剣( しんけん ) で勉強( べんきょう ) 苦手( にがて ) でスポーツ万能( ばんのう ) か」
“Serious but a bit absent-minded, always earnest, struggles with academics, but excels at sports, huh?”
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Challenge
What does Urushi learn about Ayumu's abilities?
Clues
勉強( べんきょう ) 苦手( にがて ) で
"he is poor at studying," limiting the scope of the praise that follows
スポーツ万能( ばんのう )
"good at every kind of sport" or "an all-around athlete"
What does the speaker mean?
He struggles with academics but excels across sports.
勉強( べんきょう ) 苦手( にがて ) gives his academic weakness, while スポーツ万能( ばんのう ) describes broad athletic ability.
He is equally skilled at studying and every sport.
Urushi explicitly includes 勉強( べんきょう ) 苦手( にがて ) , so 万能( ばんのう ) is limited to sports here.
He is talented only at kendo.
スポーツ万能( ばんのう ) describes all-around athletic ability, not skill in a single sport.
He takes sports seriously but performs poorly in them.
万能( ばんのう ) gives a positive assessment of his ability across sports.
He studies well but is absent-minded during sports.
This reverses the academic description and incorrectly ties 抜( ぬ ) けてて only to sports.
He is capable at everything without exception.
The compound is スポーツ万能( ばんのう ) , so the scope is athletics, and the line separately says studying is difficult for him.
Urushi’s rapid list includes both a weakness and a strength. Ayumu is 勉強( べんきょう ) 苦手( にがて ) , poor at studying, but スポーツ万能( ばんのう ) , an all-around athlete.
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Example 2 of 3: Came to be studying with us with 〜ことになる
Example 2 of 3
名探偵コナン »
Volume 18 » Page 96
A new student joins Conan’s elementary school classroom. The teacher introduces her.
先生( せんせい ) :
「今日( きょう ) からみんなと勉強( べんきょう ) する事( こと ) になった、灰原( はいばら ) 哀( あい ) さんです!」
“This is Ai Haibara. It came to be that she'll be studying with us starting today.”
「みんな仲良( なかよ ) くしてあげてね!」
“Everyone be friendly with her!”
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Challenge
What new arrangement does the teacher announce?
Clues
今日( きょう ) から
starting today
みんなと勉強( べんきょう ) する事( こと ) になった
it has been arranged that she will study with everyone
What does the speaker mean?
Haibara will join the class starting today.
The teacher introduces Haibara as someone who will study with everyone from today.
Haibara will teach the class for one day.
She will 勉強( べんきょう ) する with everyone, not teach them.
The whole class will transfer to another school.
The new arrangement concerns Haibara joining this group.
Everyone must study alone starting today.
みんなと means together with everyone.
Haibara has finished studying with the class.
今日( きょう ) から marks the beginning, not the end, of the arrangement.
The students may decide whether Haibara can enter.
〜ことになった presents the placement as already decided.
The teacher announces that Ai Haibara will begin studying with the class that day. 〜ことになった presents this as an established arrangement.
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Example 3 of 3: Studying classical Japanese with 古文
Example 3 of 3
あずまんが大王 »
Volume 1年生 » Page 34
Following the a midterm exam, Yomi asks Tomo how it went.
とも:
「古文( こぶん ) はなんのために勉強( べんきょう ) するの?」
“What's the point of studying classical Japanese?”
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Challenge
What is Tomo questioning about classical Japanese?
Clues
古文( こぶん ) は
as for classical Japanese
何( なん ) のために
for what purpose
勉強( べんきょう ) するの?
why do we study it, asking for an explanation
What does the speaker mean?
She questions what purpose there is in studying it.
何( なん ) のために asks the purpose of 勉強( べんきょう ) する, with 古文( こぶん ) as the topic.
She asks when the classical Japanese exam begins.
The question uses 何( なん ) のために, not a time expression.
She asks which classical text they studied.
古文( こぶん ) names the subject as a whole. No particular text is requested.
She asks who teaches classical Japanese.
The unknown information is the purpose of studying, not the teacher's identity.
She says classical Japanese is easy to study.
Tomo asks a doubtful question about its point. She does not evaluate its difficulty.
She wonders whether her answer on the exam was correct.
The scene follows an exam, but her line asks why anyone studies the subject at all.
Tomo makes classical Japanese the topic and asks what purpose studying it serves. The final の gives the question an explanatory, doubtful tone.
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Powerful People and Opponents
強者 (Strong contender)
強者( きょうしゃ ) refers to someone who excels in strength, ability, or power, or who is in a position of strength.
It combines 強 (strong ) with 者 (person ) to show a strong or formidable person .
ご注文はうさぎですか? »
Volume 1 » Page 103
Cocoa inquires about the board and pieces sitting in front of Chino. Chino says it’s chess and gives a further explanation.
チノ:
「この温泉( おんせん ) は強者( きょうしゃ ) が集( あつ ) まるのでおじいちゃんは白熱( はくねつ ) していました」
“Grandpa would get excited because strong players gather at this hot spring spa.”
ココア:
「温泉( おんせん ) に浸( つ ) かりながらチェス出来( でき ) るのっていいねー」
“It's nice being able to play chess while soaking in the hot spring.”
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Challenge
What does チノ mean in the highlighted line?
Clues
ので
集( あつ ) まるので explains Grandpa's excitement
What does the speaker mean?
Grandpa would get excited because strong players gather at this hot spring spa.
Strong players gathering at the hot spring supplies the reason for おじいちゃんは白熱( はくねつ ) していました.
Chino says strong players gather because Grandpa becomes excited.
The highlighted form is ので. Here 集( あつ ) まるので explains Grandpa's excitement, so this choice does not match the Japanese.
Chino says the hot spring water itself makes the players strong.
The highlighted form is ので. Here 集( あつ ) まるので explains Grandpa's excitement, so this choice does not match the Japanese.
Chino says Grandpa avoided chess whenever strong players gathered.
The highlighted form is ので. Here 集( あつ ) まるので explains Grandpa's excitement, so this choice does not match the Japanese.
集( あつ ) まるので explains Grandpa’s excitement. Strong players gathering at the hot spring supplies the reason for おじいちゃんは白熱( はくねつ ) していました.
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Firmness and an Unyielding Attitude
強い (Strong)
強( つよ ) い describes superior strength or skill, physical or mental resilience, or an extreme degree or level of something.
Example 1 of 2: Cost to ride the train with 電車
Example 1 of 2
三ツ星カラーズ »
Volume 6 » Page 79
Yui and her friends get permission to ride the train to continue their search for the legendary giant robot. Tickets are listed as 70 yen for children.
さっちゃん:
「動物園( どうぶつえん ) はタダなのに」
“Even though the zoo is free...”
結衣( ゆい ) :
「電車( でんしゃ ) は動物( どうぶつ ) より強( つよ ) い」
“Trains are stronger than animals.”
琴葉( ことは ) :
「ティラノサウルスより強( つよ ) い」
“Stronger than a Tyrannosaurus.”
Challenge Yourself
Show translation
Challenge
What comparison do Yui and Kotoha make about the train?
Clues
電車( でんしゃ ) は動物( どうぶつ ) より強( つよ ) い
the train is stronger than animals
ティラノサウルスより強( つよ ) い
stronger than a Tyrannosaurus
What does the speaker mean?
The train is stronger than animals, even a Tyrannosaurus.
より marks animals and then a Tyrannosaurus as the things the train exceeds in strength.
Animals are stronger than the train.
In ⒶはⒷより強( つよ ) い, Ⓐ is the stronger item, so the comparison is not reversed.
The train is faster than every animal.
The adjective is 強( つよ ) い, strong, not 速( はや ) い, fast.
A Tyrannosaurus could ride the train for free.
The dinosaur appears as a strength comparison, not as a passenger.
The zoo charges more than the train.
Sacchan says the zoo is free. The others answer with a playful strength comparison rather than prices.
The train is powered by animals.
The line compares strength and does not describe how the train is powered.
Yui says the train is stronger than animals, and Kotoha raises the comparison to a Tyrannosaurus. Their childlike logic treats the fare as evidence of the train’s greater power.
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Example 2 of 2: Strong like a lion with 〜みたい
Example 2 of 2
ご注文はうさぎですか? »
Volume 1 » Page 63
After a misunderstanding brings Cocoa and her friends to the teahouse where Syaro works, the group stays to have some tea.
ココア:
「ライオンみたいに強( つよ ) くなれるよ!」
“You'll be able to become strong like a lion!”
リゼ:
「たんぽぽって意味( いみ ) 分( わ ) かってないな」
“You don't know what “dandelion” means, do you?”
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Challenge
What does ココア mean in the highlighted line?
Clues
ライオンみたいに
ライオンみたいに modifies how someone becomes strong
What does the speaker mean?
You'll be able to become strong like a lion!
みたいに gives the comparison an adverbial role before 強( つよ ) くなれる.
Cocoa says the lion will become stronger after drinking the tea.
The highlighted form is ライオンみたいに. Here ライオンみたいに modifies how someone becomes strong, so this choice does not match the Japanese.
Cocoa says the word dandelion literally means lion.
The highlighted form is ライオンみたいに. Here ライオンみたいに modifies how someone becomes strong, so this choice does not match the Japanese.
Cocoa warns that the tea will make the drinker weak.
The highlighted form is ライオンみたいに. Here ライオンみたいに modifies how someone becomes strong, so this choice does not match the Japanese.
ライオンみたいに modifies how someone becomes strong. みたいに gives the comparison an adverbial role before 強( つよ ) くなれる.
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